Farm Industry News asked Nebraska Tractor Test Lab Director Roger Hoy and Assistant Director Dave Morgan what factors to use to compare the fuel efficiency of different tractors. You can use these parameters to determine how your models rank.

1. Go to http://tractortestlab.unl.edu. Click on “Test Reports.” The Web site shows all makes and models tested at the lab since 1999. (Hard-copy reports for tractors tested before 1999 are available for purchase. Contact Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory, Box 830832, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0832, 402/472-2442, tractortestlab@unl.edu.)

2. Click on make and model of tractor. This will bring up the corresponding test report.

3. Check “Chassis: Type” to determine tractor category (2-wd, front wheel assist, 4-wd, or track). This information is included in the narrative text next to the charts on the site. We ranked tractors in two categories: row-crop tractors (2-wd/front wheel assist) and high-horsepower 4-wd/track tractors.

4. Check horsepower to determine size category. We used PTO horsepower (at rated engine speed) to determine if the tractor belonged to the category of row crop (150 to 200 hp) or high-horsepower 4-wd/track (300+ hp). (See lab chart called “Power Takeoff Performance.”) This is the number used by all manufacturers to verify a claim.

5. Find the rating of horsepower-hours per gallon. The fuel consumption measurement, horsepower-hours per gallon (hp-hr./gal.), has become the standard used for comparing the efficiency of all agricultural tractor models. Measured directly, it means that burning one gallon of fuel in the tractor at full load and at rated engine speed produces a certain amount of horsepower for an hour. The higher the number, the greater the fuel efficiency; that is, more work is being done with a given amount of fuel.

We looked at that rating in two performance tests: power takeoff and drawbar performance. We used results from the “PTO Performance Chart” to establish the fuel-efficiency rankings. The lab says the PTO rating is a good indicator because it is one that is calculated for all tractors and it is always run at the maximum level. However, results from the drawbar performance test are also included, and depending on how you plan to use the tractor, it may be a better indicator of fuel efficiency for some tractors — for example, the very-high-horsepower tractors used primarily for their brute pulling power of, say, deep tillage implements. On the other hand, if the tractor is used primarily for PTO work, then the PTO rating will be your best indicator because it will not be likely to change or won't be as much affected by the size or weight of the implement the tractor is pulling. If you use the tractor for both PTO and tillage work, then consider both ratings in your decision.

PTO performance is measured at several different power levels and speeds, but for comparison purposes, the factor most farmers are interested in is maximum power at rated engine speed. This is the highest power level that the tractor can sustain over a long term and is measured in horsepower. Newer tractors usually have an operating range that includes maximum power at a speed lower than rated. Also, with modern high torque/constant power engines, the power at rated PTO speed is usually similar to the power at the rated engine speed.

Like PTO performance, drawbar performance is measured at different rates of pull and in different gears. Power measured at 75% of pull at maximum power is a reasonable reflection of performance during typical heavy fieldwork. At 75% of pull at maximum power, you will still have some reserve for heavy spots in the field. We list the horsepower-hours per gallon in “third gear” (to show maximum drawbar pull) and “eighth gear” (to show maximum power).

Drawbar tests are conducted on concrete or asphalt test tracks, which allow for consistency in comparison. As a result, the numbers in the test reports are not exactly the numbers you might get in field conditions.
The drawbar ratings listed are for “ballasted” runs. If a ballasted test was not run, then results from the unballasted test (at 1,800 rpm or the lowest engine speed) were used.

In cases where ratings are identical (for example, Case IH and New Holland 4-wd tractors), only one of the tractors was tested and the results serve for both because there was no performance difference between the two.

If your current row-crop tractor is holding you back from upgrading to a bigger planter or implement, new models for 2011 promise to provide the power and capacity required to make the leap. Three companies — Case IH, John Deere, and New Holland — launched new series of 150-plus-hp row-crop tractors for 2011, and Versatile and JCB each came out with new, more powerful models.

"The 240-plus-hp MFWD industry is growing rapidly," says John Bohnker, marketing manager for Case IH Magnum tractors. "Farmers continue to seek bigger planters and tillage equipment, which require more horsepower to pull. Along with more horsepower, farmers are looking for more hydraulic and lift capacity to be more efficient."

Here's an overview of the new 2011 row-crop lineups equipped with features that raise the bar in power, performance and comfort.

Case IH Magnum Series
Case IH this year launched a new generation of Magnum tractors designed to offer more power, comfort and fuel economy. Nine models, ranging from 150 to 280 PTO hp, are powered by 6.7- or 8.7-liter Interim Tier 4 engines made in-house by Fiat Powertrain Technologies. The engines are the first to meet Interim Tier 4 standards using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) emissions reduction technology, which the company claims cuts operating costs by 10% through increased fuel efficiency and extended service intervals, now at 600 hrs.

The new engines are designed to deliver up to 14% power growth before peaking out. An additional 35-hp "power boost" kicks in during mobile PTO, hydraulic and transport applications. A transmission feature called Diesel Saver Automatic Productivity Management, carried over from the previous line, determines the best gear ratio and engine rpm for the task to maximize fuel efficiency.

A new MultiControl Armrest gives drivers fingertip control of engine throttle, up/down shift, forward/reverse shuttle, hydraulic remote valves, and an automatic end-of-row function. Cab suspension was added for the first time. A new surround frame allows for a turning radius of just over 16 ft., the tightest in the industry. Hydraulic flow also is industry-leading at 75 gpm.
For more information, visit www.caseih.com/na.

New Holland T8 Series
The new T8 series from New Holland replaces the T8000 launched in 2007. It boasts the longest wheelbase in the industry to provide stability in the field or during high-speed transport, according to the company. A front 3-pt. hitch and PTO can now be integrated in the frame to power large hay cutters or other front-mounted tools and to hold ballast during tillage work.

All five models, ranging from 273 to 389 maximum engine hp (185 to 280 PTO hp), sport a new Interim Tier 4 Cursor 9-liter engine made by the company's in-house engine manufacturer Fiat Powertrain Technologies. The engines use SCR technology to reduce emissions while increasing fuel economy. Engine Power Management, previously available only in the T6000 and T7000, now comes standard in the T8 to provide drivers with up to 50 hp of extra power during high-demand PTO, hydraulic or transport applications.
In the cab, the new Sidewinder II allows an operator to control up to five functions with one handle. An integrated touch-screen monitor, called the IntelliView IV, integrates tractor and implement controls as well as an autoguidance system.
For more information, visit www.newholland.com.

JCB Fastrac
Fast tractor maker JCB expanded its Fastrac 7000 series to include a 260-hp model. The Fastrac 7270 MFWD tractor, the largest of the 7000 series, is powered by a 6-cyl., 6.7-liter Cummins engine for extra power and torque, with a maximum power output of 270 hp.

All models in the 7000 series feature full all-round, self-leveling suspension that provides for a comfortable ride and good traction at road speeds up to 43 mph. Ride-height sensors trigger a response to pump up or soften the suspension whenever the load changes. An all-new chassis supports the suspension setup along with a bigger capacity rear axle and a 20,000-lb. rear and optional 7,700-lb. front implement linkage system.

The cab features a full-size seat for passengers alongside an air-suspension driver's seat, a four-post structure, high-volume ventilation with automatic climate control, seat-mounted controls, and a touch-screen information and control monitor. Digital and analog displays provide updates of operating information.
For more information, call JCB at 912/447-2000, or visit www.jcbna.com.

John Deere 8R, 8RT Series
Deere revamped its new 8R and 8RT series, launched for the first time last year, with new, more powerful Interim Tier 4 engines and new high-tech features.

The 8R/8RT series consists of six wheel models and three track models that range from 235 engine hp to an industry-leading 360 engine hp — 10 to 15 hp more than last year's models. All are equipped with new PowerTech PSX 9.0-liter engines with emissions-reduction technology called Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) combined with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) that cleans itself during normal tractor operation without the need for additional fluid. Models equipped with an IVT come with a new feature called AutoMode that automatically selects the best transmission-operating mode to save fuel.

ActiveCommand Steering, a steer-by-wire system used in place of a conventional steering shaft, intervenes in the steering control circuit to improve driving safety and comfort. Other smart features include a new touch-screen GreenStar 3 (GS3) CommandCenter with integrated guidance and row shutoff, and JDLink and Service Advisor Remote, Deere's telemetry products that allow vehicle tracking, remote diagnostics and wireless data transfer. The CommandCenter is ISOBUS compatible.
For more information, contact your local John Deere dealer or visit www.JohnDeere.com.

Versatile 305
Versatile extended its line of high-horsepower row-crop tractors this year to include a 305-engine-hp model. The Versatile 305 is powered by the same Cummins QSC 8.3-liter engine and 16-speed powershift transmission used in the Versatile 250 and 280 models but packs an additional 25 hp to handle bigger implements and power additional implement hydraulics.
The 305 has a new heavy-duty drawbar designed to handle the weight of large grain wagons and an optional dual-speed PTO to power a wider range of implements. The tractor can be ordered with front duals for increased traction, an optional 55-gpm HydraFlow Plus hydraulics package, and optional HID lighting for night work.

The same cab used in the Versatile 250 and 280 models has been carried over to the 305. It features an ergonomically designed console, straightforward dash, dual access doors, an air-ride seat, and tilt and telescoping steering. The V-PAS precision ag system can be ordered from the factory. The Versatile 305 comes with a 2-yr./2,000-hr. comprehensive warranty and a 3-yr./3,000-hr. powertrain warranty, which the company claims is the best in the industry.
For more information, visit www.versatile-ag.com.

Building on last year's successful launch of the 8R Series tractor, John Deere has boosted the power in this year's lineup and made all 8R and 8RT tractors capable of accepting "smart tractor" technology.

This year's 8R family consists of six new modles with wheels and three with tracks, each sporting 10 to 15 engine horsepower boosts over last year's models. All come with JDLink Ultimate Service and Service Advisor Remote -- complimentary for a year. The service allows the tractor to send location, operation, and performance data over via the Web and cell phone.

The 2011 8R Series is powered with the PowerTech PSX 9.0L 6 cylinder diesel engine running dual turbo-chargers, exhaust gas recirculation and an exhaust filter that cleans itself. The result is Tier IVA certification without the use of diesel exhaust fluids.

Last February, Caterpillar president Stu Levenick put impending EPA Tier 4 pollution restrictions in perspective. He said they’d caused his company to take on “the most aggressive and expensive product development initiative in Caterpillar history.”
This comes from the firm that innovated the crawler tractor.

Modifications made to diesels since emissions restrictions took hold in 1996 rival any advance made to machinery since Rudolph Diesel’s introduction of a compression-ignition engine in 1892. “Deere & Company spends about $2.5 million a day on research and development,” says Steve Meinzen of that firm. “In recent years, a significant share of that enormous investment has gone to developing Tier 4 interim engines.”

The environmental payoff is stunning. By EPA estimates, modifications made to diesel to date have cut nitrous oxide (NOx) smog by 1 million tons per year. That is the equivalent of taking 35 million cars off the road.

This is just the beginning. Come January 2011, diesels 175 hp. and larger must meet new Tier 4 interim standards. When the Tier 4 final level is completed in 2015, all diesels, regardless of horsepower, must eject 90% less NOx and 90% less particulate matter (PM). This challenges engineers as never before. In their tightrope walk between the Tier 3 and Tier 4 platforms, designers have a delicate balancing act between NOx and PM. That is where the latest postcombustion treatments now installed on diesels come into play.

One path used to meet Tier 4 interim standards employs exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to control NOx. This approach still turns out unacceptable levels (by Tier 4 interim levels) of PM. But that soot (unburned fuel) is captured and burned off in a catalytic filter that is part of the engine’s exhaust system.

An alternative technology meeting Tier 4 final rules is selective catalytic reduction (SCR). This approach injects diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) into the engine’s exhaust stream to neutralize excessive NOx. PM output is slashed by tuning the engine to thoroughly combust fuel.

Farmers will literally be able to breathe easier thanks to these advances – but at a cost. Only Caterpillar has estimated its price tag to meet Tier 4, calculating it will add 12% to engine costs over the next three years. Other manufacturers hint at price hikes for whole machines in the 3% to 5% range.

Yet there is a payoff for this extra cost. Cleaner burning engines are more efficient; they drink 15% to 20% less fuel than pre-Tier power plants built 12 years ago. New efficiency records are set at the Nebraska Tractor Test every year. The latest mark breached is 20 hp. hours per gallon. A Massey Ferguson 8680 exceeded that output last year. Indeed, today’s diesels churn out torque levels not possible a decade ago and leap to grow more power in a split second.

The Brain Box
There isn’t a function on today’s diesels that isn’t regulated by the electronic control unit (ECU). Also called the electronic engine control (EEC) or electronic control module (ECM), these brain boxes constantly regulate all aspects of engine performance like injection pressures and timing, turbocharger operation, combustion chamber temperature, levels of nitrous oxide (NOx) or particulate matter (PM), and even engine timing. This breakthrough has made it possible for engines to burn less fuel and eject fewer pollutants while spurring them on to generate surprisingly tall and long torque curves.

Some of next year's models of John Deere farm equipment will feature information-sharing technology.
An announcement from farm equipment producer John Deere highlighted the company's efforts to improve tractor horsepower while also making machines more intelligent.

For next year, 8R/8RT tractors in the 235 to 360 horsepower range will feature John Deere's JDLink Ultimate Service and Service ADVISOR Remote programs. Producers will be able to use them for free for one year.

The programs allow the pieces of farm equipment to send location information, along with performance data, through the internet or via cellphone. Chad Hogan, a marketing manager with John Deere, said that the machines will allow farmers to be more efficient.

"If a service issue develops in the field, technicians at the dealership can remotely identify the problem, determine the tractor's location and proactively address the problem," Hogan said.

Meanwhile, people who have used tractors or have even bought new pieces of equipment would benefit from making sure their machines get the proper upkeep. John Deere announced recently that its warranty program was expanded, which could make caring for tractors that much easier.

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Every day, whether on the phone in the office, responding to e-mails, or when I'm out on the road covering machinery auctions around the country, folks ask me this same question. Inquiring minds want to know.
My answer has been the same the last 4 years, "things are selling very well, prices are up." But just my saying it never does it justice. I always want to show folks exactly what I'm talking about, that over the last four years used farm equipment values are indeed up. I like to provide hard proof and let the sale price data tell the tale.

So I'm going to do this today. I'm going to show you hard evidence of how used equipment values have gone up. Ok, now what examples should I show you? Hmm, we track sale price data on over 70 different categories of farm equipment, so lots of different directions I go here. AUGER values have been zooming higher. Same with GRAIN CARTS and GRAIN TRAILERS for sure. With the late, wet harvest last year values on used tillage items like DISKS and DISK CHISELS have been going through the roof.
But I think I'll stick to TRACTORS today, the universal category most everyone is interested in. Let's narrow it down and just focus on tractors in the 150 horsepower range. What I'll do is show you auction sale prices from now vs. five years ago, back in the year 2005.
The comparison just might knock your socks off.

Let's start with JD 7810s. Deere made 7810s from 1997-2003, so we're talking 7-13 year old tractors as we sit here today. First I'll show you what the nicest 7810s were selling for at auction back in 2005. Here you go:

See how the highest auction sale price on a JD 7810 tractor back in 2005 was $78,000? Now look closer. See the last 7810 in the table above? Yes it sold for $78,000, but it was a 2003 model making it only two years old at the time, had mechanical front-wheel drive and sold with a JD 741 loader.

Now compare that to the 2000 model 7810, 2-wheel drive, with 840 hours, no loader, sold last month on a sale in east-central Iowa for $76,000. So this 7810 had no mechanical front-wheel drive, no loader and was 10 years old, yet sold for almost the same money.
See what I'm talking about now when I say used equipment values are up?
Here's more proof, a list of the nicest JD 7810s sold at auction the last couple years:

Look at all those sale prices I've highlighted, all at or above what the nicest JD 7810s were selling for at auction back in 2005. Older, but selling for more money. Proof of what I'm talking about when I say used values have been going up.

Let's move on to other older model Deere tractors in this 150 horsepower range. JD 7800s were made from 1993-96. Let's do the same then vs. now comparison:

JD 4455s? Wow. Back in 2005 the highest auction sale price I saw all year on a 4455 was $49,000. Last Saturday (March 20th) on a consignment sale in southeast Iowa, I shot video of a 1991 model 4455 mechanical front-wheel drive with 6,450 hours, very nice but no spring chicken, selling for $46,000.

You may recall the 4455 I wrote about last October? No, don't remember? I'll refresh your memory. A 1991 4455 mechanical front-wheel drive with 1,423 hours (1 owner, immaculate condition) sold with a JD 280 loader for $94,500. Yep, $94,500. There was also the 1991 4455 with 5,456 hours, mechanical front-wheel drive sold in March 2009 on a sale in east-central North Dakota for $69,000.

More proof, used values have been going up.
Same with red tractors in this 150 horsepower range. Case IH made 7120s from 1987-83. The highest auction price I saw on Case IH 7120s back in 2005? $44,500 for the 1988 7120, mechanical front, with 1,967 1-owner hours, sold in east-central Illinois. Now compare to a few of the nicest 7120s I've seen sold the last couple years:

Same trend, older but worth more.
Exactly the same thing I see with Case IH 7220s:

I guess the lesson here is that used farm equipment values aren't static, they fluctuate up and down. Yes, they can go down friends. I've seen it happen before. Used values were way up back in 1996 and 1997, then fell pretty hard from 1998 through 2001.
Will they fall again after the run up here the last couple years?

Factors working hard against a drop in the value of good condition used equipment currently are the ever rising price of new equipment, controlled production of new equipment and also the scarcity of machinery auctions.

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With 27 horsepower and a 3 cylinder engine the 3005 John Deere compact tractor provides a higher level of power for your tough farming jobs. It boast a Yanmar diesel liquid cooled TNV series engine. The performance enhancements make driving around obstacles easier with a standard power steering that is optional on 2 WD models.You can make shorter turns for those tough corners using the individual pedals which allow independent operation of the left and right brakes. If you need to transport straight line stops the pedals can be locked together and for more traction and pulling power you can turn on the 4WD system with a standard differential lock that can be engaged on the go. For your hydraulic applications there is a dual hydraulic gear pumps, which are off the crankshaft that provide higher capacity.

For driver comfort the driver’s seat is designed for easy entry and exit with steps and handrails on the left side. The high backed seating offers great support for your back while sitting down, also the for and aft are adjustable and the seat flips the other way to protect you from outside factors. The control panel for the drivers include an hourmeter and tachmeter, oil pressure gauge, fuel gauge. Alternator indicator lights, coolant gauge and many warning lights for other various components.

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Central Kentucky farmer Terry Waldridge could be fiddling a happy tune next Wednesday.
Waldridge is the owner of a 1969 John Deere 4000 tractor up for sale on eBay currently. No big deal there, right? Lots of Deere tractors for sale on eBay as well as other websites. But Terry's Deere tractor is special.

Turns out the 1969 JD 4000 he's owned for the last 15 or 16 years was the very first model 4000 ever made by Deere, serial number 211422. Waldridge, a native of the Blue Grass state who also happens to play in a bluegrass band, only recently discovered his 4000 was the first to roll off the Deere assembly line 40 years ago.
"I paid $8,500 for it back when I bought it from a local machinery guy," said Waldridge. "I've been using it right along to roll hay and haul manure. It's been a good tractor. I had it down to a local shop a while back and the mechanic came out and said it was the first serial number for a Deere 4000."

Waldridge began to feel around for what his tractor might be worth. The first call he made was to well known auctioneer and antique tractor expert Dennis Polk of northern Indiana. Polk offered to buy the tractor for $25,000. Waldridge wasn't in a hurry to sell. He continued to check around.

Last summer Waldrige and his wife Pam made their way up to Salem, Illinois to attend an antique tractor show. "I stumbled into a guy there who sells specialty parts for antique tractors," said Waldridge. "I told him I think I've got the first serial number Deere 4000 tractor. He got out his book and said yeah, you do."

The antique parts guy told Terry he thought it was worth $50,000 to $60,000.

"I don't hear so well," said Waldridge. "I thought he said $15,000, but then we walked a bit and my wife told me, no, he said $50,000."

Queue the knock me over with a feather moment, like you see on the PBS program "Antiques Roadshow," the part where the appraiser tells the lucky soul how much their old knickknack is worth? "It's worth HOW much?"

What's it worth?
What do I think this tractor is worth? Well, pretty darn hard to compare it to much else. There just aren't many original 40-year old first serial number Deere tractors around out there now are there? I guess one tractor I'd compare it to is the 1963 JD 5010 with serial no. 1000, the first 5010 made by Deere, sold on eBay back in early December 2006. That 5010 was in northeast Oklahoma and was in rough shape. It had been used for years and years by a local construction firm to pull a sheepsfoot roller.
Crummy condition and all, it sold on eBay for $79,100.
All because of that serial number.

“In six years, I went from just having a cell phone to my tractor driving itself, and having a small airplane flying and landing itself on a farm,” Blair said.

The new precision farmers are hacking together a way of making food in which the virtual and physical worlds are so tightly bound that having his tractor steered by GPS-guidance with inch-level accuracy is ho-hum. Autosteering of farm machinery has exploded over the past several years, according to an annual survey by Purdue University’s Center for Food and Agricultural Business. In 2004, just 5 percent of agricultural retail outlets offered autosteering. In 2008, more than half did.

In a 2009 issue of Precision Farmer Magazine, Montana wheat farmer Steven Swank described the benefits of a souped-up GPS called “real-time kinematic” (RTK) satellite navigation.

“RTK is so much more relaxing. It allows you to multitask, and that (allows) me to spend more time with my family,” Montana wheat farmer told Steven Swank. “I even watched a DVD in the cab with my daughter recently.”

Blair, at 40, is a leader of this next generation of farmers who are adapting the precision dreams of the ’90s to the realities of the soil and the history of their acreage. People dreamed of vastly reducing pesticide and fertilizer use by applying just the right amount to each plant, but the variable-rate technologies have been only patchily adopted. Instead, a new crop of younger growers has started to use something like augmented reality. Data draped over their land guides their tractors and their decision-making.

“The big story is the generational shift going on right now,” said Joe Russo, president of the agriculture technology company, ZeDX. “The younger people are starting to get ahold of these farms and they have a much different attitude to technology. They Twitter, they got smartphones, they’re always on the computer. Precision ag is gonna ride that wave.”
Farmers have adopted autosteer, especially, because it has made them money. By eliminating the slop-space that even the best farm machinery operators needed, it allows them to put more rows in their fields, effectively increasing their per-acre yields. For high-value crops, it was an obvious technology to adopt.

“The payback was so much more than variable rate ever was that it was a no-brainer,” said Paul Schrimpf, who has been covering precision agriculture for the magazine CropLife.
Blair wants to push further, though. He’s leading a charge to adapt unmanned aerial vehicles — like the Predator Drones zipping across Afghanistan — to the task of crop surveillance. In true maker fashion, he’s not waiting for the technology to be delivered to him. He has founded a company and built a prototype of his UAV that uses an off-the-shelf digital camera to take photos of his farm.

The images it produces aren’t just pretty pictures, they can be converted into data that can be used in water, fertilizer and pesticide decision-making.

Based on the color data captured by the CCD, Blair can obtain a value called the normalized differential vegetative index, which he can use to find patterns in his fields.

“Now we have a numeric value and we can write an algorithm to find different things,” Blair explained. “Is a stressed crop showing a different value than one that’s healthy?”
Farmers like Blair have antecedents in the farmer-scientists of the Green Revolution, but ever-cheaper information technology has let them map the data to their land with ever greater resolution. Blair is slowly turning the vast, uncontrolled experiment that is his farm into a living laboratory that also happens to make money.

Tax time will be here before you know it – and certainly before most of us want it to be. But it is inevitable. Hopefully I can ease its arrival of some farmers by reminding you of the benefits of accelerated depreciation for farm equipment.

Farmers have until December 31, 2009, to take advantage of the accelerated depreciation schedule for most farm equipment. The bonus depreciation measure (which reduced the depreciation schedule for most agricultural equipment from seven to five years) was extended until the end of 2009 under the economic stimulus package passed this year.

There is no guarantee the accelerated depreciation schedule will be extended again, says Paul Kindinger, president and CEO, North American Equipment Dealers Association (NAEDA). In fact, the measure almost did not pass this year. If the new economic stimulus package works, Congress will likely have less enthusiasm for an accelerated depreciation tool because it costs the U.S. Treasury and is supposed to be a temporary tool, Kindinger says.

The accelerated depreciation schedule definitely helps farmers who have had some good financial years recently and would rather invest income in new equipment than pay it in taxes. 2009 net farm income is expected to be the third or fourth largest in U.S. history.

To find out how your operation might benefit from the accelerated depreciation schedule, contact your local CPA or tax attorney.